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Blake v Fox [2025] EWCA Civ 1321
Defamation – s.1 Defamation Act 2013 – serious harm to reputation – causation - damages
The Court of Appeal allowed Mr Fox’s appeal in part against the decisions of Collins Rice J on liability and damages ([2024] EWHC 146 (KB); [2024] EWHC 956 (KB)). So far as concerned Mr Fox’s counterclaims, the Court held that the judge had made material errors of law in her approach to causation of serious harm and was wrong to find that Mr Fox had not suffered serious harm to his reputation and remitted those claims for retrial in the High Court on the defences that had not been tried. In relation to Mr Blake’s and Mr Seymour’s claims, the Court dismissed the appeal on serious harm but reduced the damages awarded to the claimants from £90,000 to £45,000 each.
Blake and ors v Fox
Libel – serious harm – social media – causation – qualified privilege
Bermuda Press (Holdings) Limited v Tamine
Breach of confidence – misuse of private information – interim injunctions
Baroness Lawrence & Ors v Associated Newspapers Ltd
Summary judgment – strike out – misuse of private information – limitation
Blake & ors v Fox (CA)
Natural & Ordinary Meaning - Fact or Opinion - Definition - Trials of Preliminary Issue
BW Legal Services Limited v Glassdoor Inc
Norwich Pharmacal relief - Allegedly defamatory posts - Whether a declaration should be made that the court had no jurisdiction to try the claim because no valid service had been effected - Whether a declaration should be made that the court should not exercise its jurisdiction because of an exclusive jurisdiction clause in the Defendant's Terms of Use and/or because it was contended that the Claimant obtained an Order improperly or unfairly
Blake, Seymour & Thorp v Fox
Trials of Preliminary Issue - Meaning - Honest Opinion - Default Judgment - Relief From Sanctions - Trial by Jury - Shadow Pleadings
Blackledge v Persons Unknown
Defamation – Libel – Harassment – Data Protection – Quantum – Damages – Injunction – Section 13 order
BVG v LAR (No 2)
Blackmail - Privacy - Misuse of Private Information - Harassment - Summary Judgment - Final Injunction
BVC v EWF (No. 2)
Injunction - Privacy - Harassment - jurisdiction - summary judgment
BVG v LAR (No 1)
Blackmail - Privacy - Misuse of Private Information - Harassment - Interim Injunction- Non-Disclosure Application
Butt v Secretary of State for the Home Department
Defamation – meaning – honest opinion
BBC v Independent Office for Police Conduct
Information Notice Appeal – Investigatory Powers – Police Reform Act 2002 – Article 10
BVC v EWF
Privacy - injunction - internet publication - jurisdiction - special jurisdiction - Lugano Convention - centre of interests
Brown v Bower & Another
Defamation
Butt v Secretary of State for the Home Department
Defamation - meaning - honest opinion
Bukovsky v CPS (CA)
Defamation - Libel - Meaning - Appellate Review
Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP v Reuters Limited & another
Appeal - Interim Injunction – Breach of Confidence – Public Interest – Prior Restraint – Open Justice
Blue v Ashley v Times Newspapers Limited
Open Justice - Disclosure - Application by a non-party for court documents - Power of the court to provide documents to a non-party - CPR 5.4C - CPR 32.12 - CPR 32.13
Brevan Howard Asset Management LLP v Reuters Ltd, Maiya Keidan & Persons Unknown
Interim Injunction - Breach of Confidence – Public Interest – Prior Restraint – Open Justice
Bains, Kazan-Allen & VNP v Moore, K2 Intelligence Ltd & Bigazzi
Breach of Confidence- Misuse of Private Information - Breach of statutory duty under the Data Protection Act 1998 - Interim Remedies - Delivery Up - Procedure - need for Particulars of Claim
Basuta v Dhemrait
Malicious prosecution - permission to appeal - extensions of time - Denton principles
Barron v Collins
Defamation – slander - libel - offer of amends – s3(5) Defamation Act 1996 – political libels – aggravating conduct during the offer of amends procedure
Begg v BBC
Libel – Justification – Meaning - Broadcasting – Islam – Extremism
Brand & Goldsmith v Berki
Summary judgment granted in harassment claim
Brett Wilson LLP v Persons Unknown
Libel - s. 1(2) Defamation Act 2013 - serious financial loss - damages - injunction - summary disposal
Braun v Poland
Libel - Article 8 - Article 10 - journalism - public debate - public concern - public interest
Bewry v Reed Elsevier UK Ltd (CA)
Defamation - Libel - Internet publication - Limitation period - Disapplication - s.32A Limitation Act 1980 - Jameel abuse
Brand v Berki
Harassment - injunction - Article 10 - s12 HRA - balance of convenience
Building Register Ltd v Weston
Defamation - libel - res judicata - abuse of process - amendment to defence - justification - honest comment - case management conference
Briggs v Jordan
Libel – meaning – natural and ordinary meaning – innuendo meaning – breach of confidence – misuse of private information – strike out – Jameel abuse
Bristol City Council v News Group Newspapers Ltd
Care Proceedings – Publication of Facts and Reasons from Family Proceedings Court – Injunction – Article 10 – Article 8
Brescla Calcio SpA v West Ham United FC Plc
Arbitration - football - independence - Court of Arbitration for Sport - CAS rules - barrister arbitrator - advocate from same chambers - whether apparent independence lacking
Bento v Chief Constable of Bedfordshire Police
Bento- Chief Constable of Bedfordshire Police- CPS- murder- press release- defamation- justification- qualified privilege- informing the public- reply to attack- trial- damages award
BUQ v HRE
misuse of private information- employment tribunals - interim non-disclosure order - issue of proceedings - right to a fair trial - right to respect for private life
Bacon v Automattic Inc
Libel - Disclosure - Norwich Pharmacal - Foreign Websites - Respondents outside jurisdiction - Permission to serve application outside jurisdiction - alternative service of Claim Form by e-mail - Jurisdiction to order
Bowker v RSPB
Defamation – Libel - Defamatory meaning - Mode of trial – Summary judgment - Qualified privilege – Malice – Scientific issues
Baturina v Times Newspapers Ltd (CA)
Defamation – Innuendo meanings – Strict liability – Requirement to plead publishees with knowledge of relevant facts – Liability for third party re-publications - Foreseeability of damage – Jameel abuse of process
Brady v Norman (No 2) (CA)
Defamation - limitation - section 32A of the Limitation Act 1980 - s.33 Limitation Act 1980
BBC v HarperCollins Publishers Limited
Interim injunction – Confidential information - Human Rights Act 1998, s.12(3) – Likelihood of establishing at trial that publication should not be allowed – Public domain
Brady v Norman (No 2)
Libel - Slander - Limitation period - Disapplication of limitation period - s.32A Limitation Act 1980 - Appeal
Bowman v MGN Ltd
Libel - Offer to make amends - Defamation Act 1996, ss.2 - 4 - Compensation - Costs - Rejection of settlement offers
British Chiropractic Association v Singh (CA)
Libel – Fair comment (‘honest opinion’) – Whether words fact or comment/opinion
Bridle v Williams
Defamation - Slander - Strike out - Summary judgment - Qualified privilege - Malice - Abuse of process
Berezovsky v Russian State Television & Another (No 2)
Defamation - Libel – Liability for publication – Justification – Damages – Joint tortfeasors
BKM Ltd v BBC
Injunctions - Privacy - Article 8 - Freedom of expression - Article 10 - Human Rights Act 1998, ss. 12(3) and (4)
Bloom v Robinson-Millar
Defamation - Libel - Harassment - Trial of action - Neighbour dispute - Publication of letters over a long period - Whether course of conduct was harassment of claimant - Damages
Bray v Deutsche Bank AG (No 2)
Libel - Part 24 - Publication - Successive Part 24 applications - Malice - qualified privilege - preliminary issues
Barclays Bank PLC v Guardian News & Media Ltd
Breach of confidence - Injunction - Documents available on internet - Whether documents remained confidential - Human Rights Act 1998, s.12(4) - Freedom of expression - Public interest - Whether injunction proportionate interference with right
Bedeau v London Borough of Newham
Contempt of Court - Defamation - Confidential information - Family Division - Publication - Website - Whether principles of defamation apply to laws of contempt
Briscoe Mitchell v Hodder & Stoughton Ltd & Anr, Associated Newspapers Limited (non-party)
Defamation action – Witness summons – Non-party disclosure – CPR 31.17
Brady v Norman
Defamation - Libel - Qualified privilege - Defamatory meaning - Internet publication - Trade journal
Berezovsky v Russian State Television & Another
Defamation - Libel - Foreign broadcaster - Jurisdiction - Fair trial - Defence not justiciable - Anonymity of sources - s.10 Contempt of Court Act 1981
Bray v Deutsche Bank AG
Defamation - Libel - Qualified privilege - Malice - Anonymity of witnesses
Balan v Moldova
Human rights - Photographs - Protocol 1, Article 1, ECHR - Peaceful enjoyment of possessions - State use of private property - Unauthorised use of photographs - Photographer's right to compensation
BBC v Sugar & The Information Commissioner (CA)
Freedom of information - Information Tribunal - Jurisdiction - Appeal from decision of Information Commissioner - 'Decision notice' - BBC as public authority - Information held for purposes of journalism - ss.50, 57, Freedom of Information Act 2000
Blackwell v Bates & Ors
Libel - Defences - Qualified privilege - Reply to attack - Fair Comment - Meaning - Malice
Bluck v The Information Commissioner and Epsom & St Helier University NHS Trust
Freedom of information - Medical records - Access to medical records of deceased by mother - Exemptions from disclosure - Freedom of Information Act 2000, s.41
Burstein v Associated Newspapers Ltd
Defamation - Libel - Meaning - Fair Comment - Striking Out - Summary Judgment - CPR Part 24
Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd & Others v Vetplus Ltd (CA)
Prior restraint – Interim Injunctions – Human Rights Act section 12(3) – European Convention on Human Rights Article 10 – Comparative Advertising – Libel – Malicious Falsehood – Trade Marks
Buckley v Dalziel
Defamation - Absolute privilege - Qualified privilege - Witness statement provided to police officer - Limitation - s.32A Limitation Act 1980
Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd & Others v Vetplus Ltd (ChD)
Prior restraint – Interim Injunctions – Human Rights Act section 12(3) – European Convention on Human Rights Article 10 – Comparative Advertising – Libel – Malicious Falsehood – Trade Marks
Browne v Associated Newspapers Ltd (CA)
Privacy - Injunction - Freedom of expression - Breach of confidence - Articles 8,10 ECHR - s.12 HRA 1998
Baigent and Leigh v The Random House Group Ltd (CA)
Copyright - Literary work - Infringment - Substantial part - Non-verbal copying - Intention - Animus furandi
Browne v Associated Newspapers Ltd
Privacy - Article 8 ECHR - Article 10 ECHR - Business information - Interim injunction - Prior restraint - Section 12 HRA 1998 - Contempt of court
Barrett v Rosenthal
Libel – Liability of Website Providers - Immunity under US law
Barton v Home Office
Data protection - Data Protection Act 1998 - Transitional provisions - Fourth Data Protection Principle (accuracy) - Privacy - Article 8 - Summary judgment - Striking out
Baker v Maynard
Libel - Internet publication - Qualified privilege - Common interest - Whether Defendant in existing relationship with members of closed website or an officious bystander - Whether Defendant could rely on fair comment defence solely in mitigation of damages
Barrett v Universal-Island Records & Others
Contract - Parties - Agency - Copyright - Authorship - Performers' rights - ss.182A, 182B, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 - Regulation 27, Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 1996 - Unjust enrichment - Settlement agreement - Enforcement of settlement agreement - Abuse of process - Estoppel, acquiescence and laches - Cause of action estoppel - Trust of a promise
Brasilier v France
Human rights - Freedom of expression - Article 10 ECHR - Defamation - Election candidates in dispute - Allegations of ballot rigging, fraud and theft - One French franc in damages awarded - Importance of open political debate - Basis in truth - Sanction disproportionate
Baigent & Another v The Random House Group Ltd
Copyright - Literary Works - Non-Textual Copying - Infringement
Bunt v Tilley & Others
Libel - Internet Service Providers - Liability at common law - Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002 - s.1 Defamation Act 1996 - Abuse of process
Birmingham City Council v H
Care proceedings - children's welfare - publication of judgments - disclosure of medical reports into the public domain
BBC v Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council, X and Y
Privacy - Anonymity - Social workers - Family proceedings - Injunction to restrain identification - Article 8, ECHR - Freedom of expression - Article 10, ECHR
Brown v Mcasso Music Productions Ltd
Costs - Discretion - Part 36 Offers - Refusal to Negotiate - Copyright - Appeal from Patents County Court
Beckham & Another v News Group Newspapers Ltd
Libel - Specific Disclosure - CPR Part 31.12 - Correct Test to be Applied
Bangoura v Washington Post & Others
Libel - Internet - Jurisdiction - Forum - Publication - Damage
British Horse Racing Board v William Hill Organization Ltd
Database rights - Meaning of substantial investment in obtaining verification or presentation of contents of database - Sport - Horseracing
Bradley v The Jockey Club (No.3)
Sports Law - domestic disciplinary decision - disqualification -domestic appeal - period of disqualification reduced - allegation penalty excessive - High Court dismissing claim - appeal from High Court - restraint of trade - nature and standard of review
Bradley v The Jockey Club (No.2)
Permission to appeal - new point not taken below - fresh evidence - Human Rights - Article 6 ECHR - privilege against self-incrimination
Busuioc v Moldova
Human Rights - Defamation - Libel - Article - ECHR - Freedom of Expression - Damages awarded against journalist for defamation - Whether interference with Art 10 right prescribed by law - Whether interference necessary in a democratic society
Blunkett v Quinn
Family law - contact orders - parental responsibility orders - public hearings - Article 6 - Article 8
British Horseracing Board v William Hill
Database right - Infringement - Horseracing database - Indirect sourcing of data - Extraction or re-utilisation of substantial part - Repeated and systematic extraction or re-utilisation of insubstantial parts - Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997 - Database Directive 96/9/EC
Bradley v Jockey Club
Sports Law - Appeal from Jockey Club Appeal Board - Review of Appeal Board decision to disqualify for breach of rules - whether penalty of disqualification imposed was disproportionate and unlawful - whether Jockey Club was in breach of contract in imposing a disproportionate penalty - whether imposition of the disqualification was an unreasonable restraint of trade - whether new evidence should be adduced at hearing
Brighton & Dubbeljoint v Jones
Intellectual Property- Copyright - Dramatic work - Joint author - Substantiality of contribution - Infringement - Implied authorisation - Contract
Building Product Design Ltd v Sandtoft Roof Tiles Ltd
Patents - Infringement - Abuse of Process - Measure of Damages - Res Judicata - Only one type of infringement pleaded - Second action brought on excluded types.
Bedford v The Number (UK) Ltd
Intellectual property- sports law- OFCOM- Advertising- complaint under r 6.5 ITC Advertising Code - whether the claimant was caricatured in a 118 advert
Blake v Associated Newspapers Limited
Defamation- Libel - Civil Procedure- Ecclesiastical- Human Rights- Arts 6, 10 - Stay of Proceedings- Justiciability - whether deference to religious doctrine outweighs right of access to the courts
Bloomsbury Publishing Group Ltd v News Group Newspapers Ltd (No.2)
Intellectual property - Copyright - injunction - whether an injunction could be obtained against an unnamed party -John Doe injunction
Butters v Clarkson
Media law - Publishing - Contract - Uncertainty
Bloomsbury Publishing Group Ltd v News Group Newspapers Ltd & Others
Intellectual property - Copyright - Confidence - Conversion - Injunctions - whether an injunction could be granted against an unnamed person -John Doe injunction
Bennett & Another v BBC & Another
Defamation - libel - particulars of justification - whether the defendant could justify the common sting of the whole article when the Claimant only complained about parts of it
Brinn & Jarvis v Russell Jones & Walker (a firm)
Professional Negligence - Duty and Standard of Care -Defamation - Libel - Assessment of Damages - Ability of original defendant to pay damages.
Bamgboye v Reed & Others
Copyright - Ownership - Musical work - Joint authorship
Bataille v Newland & Ors
Defamation - Libel - Publication - Strike out - CPR Part 3.1 and 3.4 - No reasonable grounds for alleging publication - Summary Judgment under CRP Part 24.2 - no prospect of proving publication - Mini-trial.
Bonnick v Morris
Defamation - Libel- qualified privilege to the world at large- meaning- whether single meaning rule applied applicable in determining whether Reynolds privilege available - whether article met standard of responsible journalism
Best v Charter Medical of England Ltd
Defamation - Slander - Requirement to set out precise words used in Particulars of Claim - Whether Claimant had pleaded words with sufficient precision - Whether Claimant could seek further information from the Defendant as to the precise words used - CPR Part 53 PD 2.4
Berezovsky v Forbes Inc & Michaels (No.2)
Defamation - Libel - Meaning - Justification of lesser meaning - Article 10 - Human Rights Act 1998 - s.5 Defamation Act 1952
Baldwin v Rusbridger
Defamation - Libel - Republication - Qualified Privilege - Reynolds - Reply to attack - Fair Comment - Freedom of Expression - Article 10 - European Convention on Human Rights
Branson v Bower
Defamation - libel - fair comment - defendant publishing article about claimant's motives for bidding for National Lottery franchise - whether words complained of comment or statements of fact - judge ruling that words were comment
Burstein v Times Newspapers Ltd
Defamation - Libel - Damages - Evidence in mitigation of damages - rule in Scott v Sampson - Summary disposal under s.8 Defamation Act 1996
Berezovsky v Forbes Inc & Michaels
Defamation - Jurisdiction - Choice of Forum - Forum Non Conveniens - Claimants' connection with and reputation in England and Wales - Admittance of new evidence
Barclay v United Kingdom
Human Rights - Privacy - Broadcasting - Unwanted filming - Article 8 - Broadcasting Complaints Commission
Basham v Gregory (No.2)
Defamation - Libel - Meaning - Justification - Defamation Act 1952, s.5 - Summing up - Misdirection - Criticism of counsel - Retrial
Bunn v BBC
Confidentiality - statement under caution - proposed publication - interim injunction application - public domain - public interest - iniquity
Brady v United Kingdom
Human Rights- Defamation - Libel - malicious falsehood - legal aid - mental patients - access to court - right to private life - inhuman and degrading treatment
Broxton v McClelland (No.2)
Defamation - Libel - conduct of jury trial
Basham v Gregory
Defamation - Late Amendments - Justification
Broxton v McClelland
Defamation - libel - abuse of process - collateral purpose - striking out
Brent Walker Group Plc v Time Out Ltd
Defamation - fair comment on privileged statement - striking out of defence - what facts to be proved for valid defence
Barnett v Crozier
Defamation - settlement with one of two defendants - statement in open court - objection by remaining defendant -discretion to permit